Author: Paulding Co School District

Habits of Science and Periodic Table Study Guide
Habits of Science:
Review your last study guide. All tests are cumulative.
1. What equipment would be used to measure the variables mass, volume, and length? List the units for each instrument as well.
Mass: triple beam balance, digital scale; measured in grams (g)
Volume: graduated cylinder, measured in liters (l)
Length: meter stick, metric ruler; measured in meters (m)
Sandy wanted to find out if the color of food would affect food choices. She put food coloring into 4 identical bowls of mashed potatoes. The colors were red, green, yellow and blue. One bowl of mashed potatoes was left as the regular white color. Students were given the choice to choose the bowl of mashed potatoes of their choice. Each day she recorded the choice of 100 different students. She did this for five days.
What was the independent variable in her experiment? Color of food.
The control group? Potatoes with no food color added.
The constants? All potatoes, # of students, length of survey.
The dependent variable? Student choices.
Periodic Table
2. On a separate sheet of paper, draw a rough sketch of the Periodic Table. Show where the metals, metalloids, and nonmetals are. You don’t need to be exact. (you should have a graphic organizer that we completed in class for this one)
3. Below your drawing give a few characteristics of each group.
Write the group names of the following groups on the periodic table. (See questions 3 and 4.)
Group 1 _Alkali Metals_______ , most reactive metals, found only in compounds, shiny, soft
Group 2 _Alkaline Earth Metals , fairly hard, gray-white, good conductor, 2nd most reactive, always found in compounds
Groups 3-12 _Transition Metals_ , most familiar metals (copper, gold, silver),good conductor, hard, shiny,
The stair step _Metalloids_, characteristics of metals and non-metals, solid at room temp., brittle, hard, somewhat reactive
Group 17 _ Halogens (salt-forming) , all non-metals except astatine, very reactive, many are very dangerous to man unless bonded within a compound
Group 18 _Noble Gases_ , usually unreactive—don’t normally form compounds), small amounts in Earth’s atmosphere
Give characteristics (two or three characteristics) that are unique for each family in the previous question.
See previous chart...
5. How is the periodic table organized and what does each tell us? (Include the words period, group, atomic number, and protons.)
18 columns called groups, each with a specific family name. Each column shares similar chemical
characteristics.
7 rows called periods. Each element increases in atomic number (number of protons)as you move from l
left to right.
Atoms and the Periodic Table
For each of the following elements, use the periodic table to identify the following:
Element Atomic number Symbol Atomic mass
Sodium 11 Na 22.99
Chlorine 17 Cl 35.45
Carbon 6 C 12.01
Neon 10 Ne 20.18
6. What particles do objects most likely lose or gain to become electrically charged?
electrons
7. What particles are located in the nucleus? And what is the charge of the nucleus—positive, negative, or neutral? Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus. The nucleus has a positive charge.
Atoms and Molecules
8. Draw a representation of an atom and a molecule? Explain your drawings.
An atom should be drawn as single unit. A molecule should be drawn as 2 or more units touching in some way—could be side by side or maybe a line drawn between them—use your class notes to help with your drawing.